CFT centres on the three systems of emotion regulation that have evolved in humans over time; the threat (protection) system, the drive (resource seeking) system and the soothing system. By comparison to other more traditional forms of talking therapy, CFT has been shown to be more effective for people who have high levels of shame and self-criticism that drives their anxiety.

For those who have experienced brain injury, CFT provides a framework for confronting changed circumstances, distress, and an uncertain future with compassion. It may also be particularly useful for supporting those who struggle with emotional regulation secondary to brain injury.